The use of gender with zoonims in English and Uzbek

The notion of the grammatical category of gender. The main approaches in investigating the category of gender, the ways of expressing in English and Uzbek. Zoonims as separate lexical units. Generic categorization of zoonims in English and Uzbek.
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The use of gender with zoonims in English and Uzbek

Introduction

It is a great honor for us that the model of reforming the educational system and experience of its implementation developed in Uzbekistan is being discussed with contribution from outstanding academics and experts, heads and representatives of world-renowned education institutions and eminent international organizations.

To start with, it needs stressing that the education reforms program adopted fifteen years ago and dubbed the National Program for Training of Specialists stands as an inseparable and integral part of our own «Uzbek model» of economic and political reforms based on gradual and evolutionary principle of building a new society in the country.

The program, itself a product of an in-depth research and study, summary of the practice hoarded by advanced nations, aims to completely eliminate stereotypes and dogmas of the communist ideology imposed in the past, consolidation of democratic values in the minds of people, first and foremost among the growing generation. In a word, the program is directed at nurturing a comprehensively advanced individual with independence in thinking and outlook, with its own preferences and firm civic position in life.

It was simply impossible to further that goal without radical reconstruction and transformation of the education system that had been there for many years.

Given that about 35 percent of Uzbekistan's population is children under 16, more than 60 percent are the youths under 30, the role and significance of these reforms becomes clear and obvious.

In accordance with the adopted program, we have introduced a 12-year universal compulsory and free education in Uzbekistan on the scheme 9+3. The fundamental characteristic of the model being built in our country is that following the nine years of study in a general school, during the ensuing three years young people attend specialized professional colleges and academic lyceums where every one of them, along with the general disciplines, obtains vocational training on 2-3 professions in demand in the labor market.

The law secures that the 12-year education in Uzbekistan is mandatory and free for all, and is conditioned by the fact that the growing generation is obliged to receive a 12-year education, attain a concrete vocation and profession. This is particularly true for our girls.

In this respect, we imply that in every newly created family, it is important that the young women have a certain profession, with their own views and their firm position in life.

Thus, it is imperative that following a nine-year general education, where general knowledge is taught in wide spectrum of disciplines, the youths, and mandatorily our girls, continue with education in colleges and academic lyceums, obtain a profession in two or three areas.

After 12-year compulsory education everyone by his or her choice can continue study at higher education institutions to obtain undergraduate and graduate degrees.

The present qualification paper is titled «The use of gender with zoonims in English and Uzbek» and it is devoted to the problems of studying the category of gender of zoonims in English and Uzbek languages.

As has been mentioned above there is a little deal of researches on this theme are going on, but among them the works which were dedicated to reveal the essence of the question under discussion from the point of investigation. The present qualification paper introduces the productive suffixes of nouns in the English languages in cognitive ways of analysis and gives different kinds of information about them.

The aim of our research is to provide a range of original, theoretical, structural and practical ideas of learning the category of gender of zoonims in English and Uzbek languages.

For the investigation of the given problem, it is required to solve the following tasks:

· to survey the notion of gender as a grammatical category;

· to define the main ways of expressing the category of gender in both languages;

· to investigate the historical review of the problem;

The methods of the work: include methods of structural and semantic and componential analysis of category of gender of zoonims in English and Uzbek languages.

The novelty of the given qualification paper is to get a good idea of the of category of gender of zoonims.

The problem under consideration in the qualification paper possesses definite theoretical value, for, fist of all, it is based on the principles of approach, which is, revealed on all the stage of investigation. The results of the investigation present interest for a number of fields of contemporary linguistics: lexicology, theoretical and practical grammar.

The practical significance of the work: is that the work, will be useful and fruitful information for the learners of the languages, students, teachers as well as interpreters. Besides, the materials of the present paper can be used in seminars and lectures on lexicology, practical and theoretical grammar of the English language and comparative typology of English and Uzbek languages.

The content of the given work consists of introduction, two chapters, conclusion, practical part, summary and the list of selected literature under discussion.

Introduction establishes the purpose, the tasks, novelty, the methods used in the investigation, practical and theoretical significance of the work and explains the reasons of choosing the theme for studying.

The first chapter is titled as «Theoretical bases of investigation» and it covers such important questions as the notion of the grammatical category of gender, the main approaches in investigating the category of gender, zoonims as separate lexical units

Chapter II is titled as «The use of gender with zoonims in English and Uzbek» and it covers such important questions as Theoretical bases of translation English words into Uzbek by expressing the category of gender, generic categorization of zoonims in English and Uzbek.

Bibliography contains more then 30 units which deal with the question under discussion.

1. Theoretical bases of investigation

1.1 Notion of the grammatical category of gender

Science development about language at the present stage can be divided into two stages: the first - structural linguistics (where particular attention is given to a problem of a language categorisation); the second - linguistics as the special social study studying language as a transmission medium of cultural-historical traditions. Occurrence of the new disciplines representing synthesis of linguistics, philosophy, psychology, sociology and other sciences has resulted, including, and to occurrence of new approaches to a problem of a language categorisation, most perspective of which is cognitive approach.

Category is one of the most complicated concepts of a linguistic science. Almost all known linguistic theories are based on various principles of ordering of language elements with the subsequent allocation of classes, groups on the basis of any general property.

In spite of the fact that often categorisation of things is carried out on the basis of generalisation, researchers have come to a conclusion that categorisation process is arranged more difficult. Movement to когнитивным to models begins in Ludwig Vitgenstein's late philosophy and proceeds psychological researches of Eleonory Rosh and its colleagues. Thanks to works of Eleonory Rosh the categorisation became the major sphere of studying in когнитивной to psychology. There was a new theory of a categorisation - the theory of prototypes. It shows that the categorisation peculiar to the person is based on principles, is far from those laws which are embodied in the classical theory. Researches of Rosh and its colleagues show that generally categories can have the best representatives (they are named by «prototypes») and that all abilities of the person really participate in categorisation processes.

According to J. Lakoff the categorisation provides normal functioning of thinking, perception, activity and speech of the person. When the person reflected on classes of substances (things) - chairs, the nations, illnesses, emotions and in general about any versions of things - he addresses to categories. Out of ability to a categorisation the person could not function in general - neither in a material world, nor in a social and intellectual life. Studying of processes of a categorisation all-important for any approaches to understanding of how the person thinks and as it operates (function), and, hence, without it is impossible comprehension of that does us by people. However the considerable part of categories of thinking cannot be carried to categories of things, they are categories abstract сущностей. We categorise events, actions, emotions, spatial and social relations,...