Студенческий сайт КФУ - ex ТНУ » Учебный раздел » Учебные файлы »Спорт и туризм

Importance of international tourism services in the world market

Тип: реферат
Категория: Спорт и туризм
Скачать
Купить
A specific feature of services. The main form of supply of services abroad. A need for international regulation of trade in services. Operations on foreign tourism. International tourism as a form of foreign economic activity. World Tourism Organization.
Краткое сожержание материала:

Размещено на

Importance of international tourism services in the world market

A specific feature of services as a commodity is that it has no real form, and acts as a result of a certain activity.

With the market for goods, capital, labor, and there is a world market for services. Market services are varied and fall into separate narrow markets: factoring, transportation, tourism, banking, brokering, etc. In the field of services taken by 40% of foreign direct investment in the world economy.

In the second half of XX - beginning of XXI century. a rapid growth of services, because in countries with developed market economies the high degree of maturity of the economy and high standard of living people. These factors, as the experience of developed countries, and are the reasons for the growth in demand for services.

In the gross domestic product of developed market economies services accounted for 70%, in our country more than 50 %, the number of workers employed in this sector , respectively, 80% and 50 %.

The structure of the U.S. economy differs pronounced postindustrial. Most of the U.S. GDP (79.4 % in 2004) is created in the service industries, which include, above all, education, health, science, finance, trade and a variety of professional and personal services , transport and communications , government services . The share of material production (agriculture, forestry and fishing industry, mining and manufacturing, construction), thus remains 20.6 % of GDP. In agriculture creates about 0.9 % of GDP, while industry accounts for less than 20 % of GDP. [1]

Travel services, unlike goods , are produced and consumed at the same time and do not require storage as well as the majority of services based on an immediate direct contact between their producers and consumers (except for services provided through the Internet and computer technology ) .

Trade in services is closely related to trade in goods, especially the Internet and computer technology and enhances the sale of these goods.

Collar is better protected by the state from foreign competition. And services such as finance and insurance, transportation, communications, science, education and medicine in many countries the public sector realized a significant extent. These services are directly related to tourism and support it. The higher the level of development of medicine, insurance, and communications - the easier it is to organize international travel services.

Not all services can be widely used in the international market, such as utilities, household; but their presence in a particular country can attract foreigners - medicine, education, culture, sports, etc.

Still can not be considered a perfect classification of services and statistics about it . International statistics in accordance with the classification of the International Monetary Fund allocates only four types of services: freight - 10-12%; the remaining 16-17% of transport services ; Tourism - 28-29 % ; other services - 43-44 %. From these statistics, it follows that the market for international travel services covers almost a third of the total. If you trace the dynamics of this market, we can conclude that this market is growing every year.

While the share of other services - banking, insurance, mediation, stock, computer - is growing. According to the International Monetary Fund all kinds of services in 2012 has reached 8500 billion (Export and Import), of which 2,056 billion dollars in 2012 was the share of international tourism services. [7]

Services are growing almost twice as fast as the foreign trade turnover, while the share of services exports in merchandise exports in the global economy is more 30%.

Geography of services is very uneven in the world economy. The ten leading countries accounted for two treti51 % of world exports of services and at the same time, 47.7% of imports of services in these countries, and in the U.S., UK, Germany and France accounted for 31 % of total world exports of services. [5]

Ukraine, CIS countries have large reserves potential for development of tourism services, but export growth interferes with the weak material and technical base of this sphere of activity.

The main form of supply of services abroad is to open branches there, for example, U.S. multinationals produce abroad services in an amount which is twice more than the total services exports from the United States. Particularly active in developing services in knowledge-intensive industries: computers, consumer electronics, etc.

Growing share of developing countries in the provision of services and some of them have become exporters in South Korea - in the field of engineering consulting and construction services; Mexico - tourism ; Singapore, Hong Kong - financial .

In Ukraine there are opportunities for growth based on the development of services, tourism, transport.

But it is necessary to take into account competition from Western Europe. Quoting services - all while significantly hampers the country's ability.

In this regard, there is a need for international regulation of trade in services.

The first regulator - bilateral agreements such as industry (transport, communications), and trade and economic.

Second regulator - multilateral regulation in integration associations. For example, the removal of some restrictions in the EU to reduce the prices for services from 4 to 21 %.

Third regulator - is the basis of international organizations. Usually this specialized intergovernmental organizations such as: International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO); IMO - International Maritime Organization; World Tourism Organization UNWTO; international trade and economic organizations generalist: UNSTAD - United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. This is the main organization, and generally engaged in international trade in services more than 40 international organizations. [2]

Operations on foreign tourism - is an activity aimed at providing various types of travel services and products to meet the tourist demand a wide range of cultural and spiritual needs of foreign tourists .

International tourism as a form of foreign economic activity has grown tremendously and has become a significant influence on the political, economic and cultural ties between the two countries . The largest contribution to international trade in services makes tourism.

Currently, the tourism industry is one of the fastest growing forms of services in the global economy. According to the World Tourism Organization in 2000 in the world were more than 677 million tourists. At the same time, in 2013 the number of tourists increased to 1.087 billion people. International tourism contributes 7% of total world exports, behind the oil industry and the automotive industry, whose share in this index is 11 and 8.6 %, respectively. At the heart of international tourism development based on the following factors:

- Expansion of business trips and trips with cognitive goals through economic growth and social progress;

- Travel cheaper by improving all types of transport;

- Increase in the number of wage workers and employees in the developed countries and increase their material and cultural level;

- Intensification of work and receiving workers more vacations;

- The development of bilateral and cultural exchanges between the two countries;

- Development of the sphere of transport and technological progress in the field of telecommunications;

- Easing of restrictions on the export of currency in many countries and simplification of border formalities.

International tourism in the world developed very unevenly, which is primarily due to the different levels of socio- economic development of individual countries and regions. The greatest development of international tourism has in Western European countries. The share of this region accounts for over 52 % of the world tourism market. Approximately 23% is in Asia and Oceania, 16% - on America, about 10% - on Africa and the Middle East together. [4 ]

Under the tourism industry means the totality of production, transport and trade enterprises, producing and selling goods and services travel tourist demand.

World Tourism Organization , in its classification identifies countries that are mainly suppliers of tourists - the U.S., UK, Germany , France, China and the countries receiving tourists - Australia, Greece , Cyprus, Italy , Spain, Mexico , Turkey , Portugal , France , Switzerland.

Europe remains a leader in the competitive global tourism.

Country, the level of tourism which is regarded as the highest is Switzerland, and it is not simply this: the country has some of the best hotels in the world, a skilled labor force. And also attracts its visitors beautiful scenery, ecology, safety. In addition, the country is constantly tested various fairs and exhibitions, so it is in this country are often planned business trip.

In second place in Europe after Switzerland is Germany. It is ranked 6th in terms of development of tourist infrastructure, fifth place for heritage and 2nd in terms of volume and nature of international fairs and exhibitions. (F...

Другие файлы:

Forms of tourism
Tourism is one of the world’s fastest growing industries as income is generated by the spending of goods and services required by tourists. Some of th...

World Geography of Travel and Tourism: A Regional Approach
World Geography of Travel and Tourism addresses the need to understand the cultural, environmental, historical and political context in which internat...

Austria and tourism
Modern Austria and its monarchy, the military and political weakness of the empire. The tourism industry as a major part of the Austrian economy: the...

The development of sustainable tourism in Turkey
Tourism is one of the fastest growing economic sectors in the world, which has expanded dramatically over the last 50 years and has become a global in...

Tourism. Types of tourism
Tourism is defined as the act of travel with the intentions of recreational pleasure. There are different types of tourism that can be enjoyed. Descri...