The concept, definition, typology, characteristics of social institute. The functions of social institution: overt and latent. The main institution of society: structural elements. Social institutions of policy, economy, science and education, religion.
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Content

• Introduction
• The concept and definition of social institute
• Typology and characteristics of social institution
• The functions of social institution: overt and latent
• Dysfunction of social institution
• The main institution of society: structural elements
• Social institutions of policy
• Social institutions of economy
• Social institutes of science and education
• Social institutes of religion
• Social institutes of a family
• Art as culture institute
• Conclusion
• List of references

Introduction

History of appearance and development of social institutions is history of the gradually change of social institution of the traditional type into contemporary social institution. In the course of its development, social institutions became more specialized functions, and some of them took the dominant position in the system of social institutions. Thus, in a primitive society the special role played by the family, in feudal society as a basic acted religious institutions, and in capitalist society a special role played by economic institutions.

The concept and definition of social institute

Social institutions are specific entities providing relative steadiness of social ties and relations in the society in general. It can be characterized in terms of its external, formal (“material”) structure, as well as, internal substantive activities. Social institute looks like a set of individuals, institutions, provided certain material resources and implementing specific social function. With the substantial side it is set appropriate oriented standards of conduct certain persons in certain situations.

A social institution is a complex, integrated set of social norms organized around the preservation of a basic societal value.

Typology and characteristics of social institution

All social institutions operate in close relationship with each other. Types of social institutions and its composition are very diverse. Typologise social institutions on different principles: the spheres of life, functional qualities, lifetime, conditions, and other.

R. Mills choose in society five main social institutions:

· Economic;

· Policy;

· The institution of family;

· Military;

· The religious.

The functions of social institution: overt and latent

The main, general function of any social institution is satisfaction social needs for which it was created and exists. To implement of this function, each institution has to perform a number of functions, it provide joint activity of the people, ambitious to satisfaction the needs.

It is following functions:

· Pinning and reproduction of social relations;

· The regulatory function;

· The integrative function;

· The transmitting function;

· The communicative function.

1. Pinning and reproduction of social relations is a system of rules and norms of behavior, establishing, standardizing behavior of each member of institution and making this behavior predictable.

2. The regulatory function is developed social institution pattern of behavior, standards and control, regulating relationship between members of society (i.e. social institution as an element of social control).

3. The integrative function is the process of consolidation, independence and mutual responsibility members of social groups taking place under the influence of institutionalized norms, rules, sanctions and system of roles.

4. The transmitting function is the transfer of social experience to coming in social institution new people as through expansion of social boundaries of the institution, and the change of generation, to do this each institution a mechanism, which enables individuals to socialize to his values, norms and roles.

5. The communicative function is distribution made at the institution of information inside for the management and control for observance of norms, and its transfer it in cooperating with other institutions.

Latent (hidden) functions unlike overt, aren't planned in advance, are unintentional nature and its consequences are not immediately aware and not always (even if understood and recognized it is considered a by-product), and at times remain unconscious to the end.

Dysfunction of social institution

The functions of social institutions may change over time. All social institutions have common features and differences. If activity of social institution is directed on stabilization, integration and prosperity of society it is a functional, if activity of social institution is harmful to society it can be seen as dysfunctional. Accrual of social institutions can lead to disorganization of society right up to its destruction. A major crisis and turmoil in the society (revolutions, wars, crises) can lead to violations of the activities of social institutions that may have an impact both in the sphere of external, material, organizational structure, relevant institutions, and in the nature, in the content of the activity of all social institution.

Outside phenomena dysfunction can be expressed in the lack of trained personnel, material resources, the organizational deficiencies and so on. From a substantive point of view (what is much more important) disadvantages are expressed in unclear objectives, it contradictory interpretation, paralyzing the activities of institution, uncertainly functions, the decline of social prestige and authority of it institution. The inconsistency of the activity of institution to the nature of social needs leads to decrease in the values of its role, which in turn, leads either to degeneration of it official functions in ritual activities, not aimed at achieving any rational goals (bureaucratism), or to the use of formal status of social institution for selfish abuse (corruption).

The main institution of society: structural elements

Every social institution are inherently characterized by the presence of the goals of its activity, the specific features, contributing to achievement of this goal, a set of social positions and roles, typical for it institution, as well as a system of sanctions, providing encouragement of wishful and suppression of unwanted, declinatory behavior.

Social institutions of policy

Political institutes enable the realization of the political power, whose need is defined by that circumstance that available to individuals, social groups resources, values and other socially significant objects are never boundless; to natural aspiration to expansion of the sphere of possession by them socially defined limits have to be set. Such resources have not only material character; safety, access to information, the status, prestige, the power concern to them also. In the absence of such limits social interactions can't be ordered, and there will be disputes and the conflicts fraught with anarchy, disintegration of social systems. Providing limits demands establishment in the society of the imperious relations, the power of one over others. The state as political institute represents the institutionalized political power. The traditional power relies on general conviction in inviolability, sanctity of the traditions established since ancient times, in natural legality of the authorities inherent in them of advantages and privileges. The charismatic power relies on dominating belief in greatness, sanctity, a superiority of one person over all, his heroism; the basis of such power is shown in a projection of an image of the indisputable leader to him whom submits with voluntary, on belief, from personal devotion. Rational character of the power relies on dominating belief in legality of an established order, recognition by the majority of validity of the right of state agencies on power implementation. The political power can be formed by various ways and differently to be distributed, be either monolithic, or diffusion. Domination of individual regent and domination of the few privileged persons, and democracy, i.e. people power.

Social institutions of economy

Can be considered as a kind of social institutes as they are characterized by system corresponding social, legal, moral and ethical (sometimes religious) the norms, rather steady set of expediently focused stereotypes of the behavior supported by the corresponding expectations and system of sanctions. The standard structure of economic institutes includes system of the norms reflecting the relations of property, dominating type of production, existence of typical forms and ways of an exchange, and also these or those social values, moral and ethical standards (for example, standards of Protestant ethics) and behavior standards in the economy sphere ("the honest merchant word"). To number of social institutions in economy behave:

· proper...